American Elm
Ulmus americana
Also known as: White Elm, Water Elm, Soft Elm
American Elm was once the iconic street tree of North America, valued for its vase-shaped canopy and the wood exceptional steam-bending properties. Dutch elm disease devastated populations; the wood remains prized for bent furniture parts and hockey sticks.
Botanical Profile
Ulmus americana is a large deciduous tree native to eastern North America, historically reaching 30-40 meters with a distinctive vase-shaped crown. It features alternate, doubly serrate leaves. The species has been severely reduced by Dutch elm disease since the 1930s.
Physical Properties
Heartwood is light brown to reddish-brown. Sapwood is pale cream to grayish-brown. Density averages 545 kg/m³ with a Janka hardness of 830 lbf. Coarse texture with interlocked grain. Interlocking grain resists splitting.
Workshop Notes
Blunting Effect
Moderate - interlocked grain
Gluing Advice
Good with proper preparation
Finishing
Good - takes stain and finish well
Steam Bending
Excellent - one of the best woods for steam bending
Historical Context
American Elm lined streets and town squares across North America. The wood was used for wagon wheels, barrels, and bent furniture. Dutch elm disease killed millions of trees; disease-resistant cultivars are now being planted.
Technical Specs
Light brown to reddish-brown heartwood; pale cream to grayish-brown sapwood
Vulnerable - devastated by Dutch elm disease; check availability