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Balsam Fir

Abies balsamea

Also known as: Eastern Fir, Blister Fir, Canada Balsam

Technical Spec Sheet

2026-07-14

Balsam Fir wood grain

Reference grain swatch

Janka Hardness
400 lbf (1,779 N)
Avg. Dried Weight
415 kg/m³ (26 lb/ft³)
Specific Gravity
0.35
Type
Softwood
Grain
Straight, uniform
Texture
Fine to medium
Durability
Low, non-durable and susceptible to decay
Region
North America
Sustainability
Sustainable — Not listed in CITES, sustainable with proper management

Overview

Balsam Fir is a common North American softwood, widely used in construction and pulp production. Known for its light weight and ease of working, it is a popular choice for interior applications and temporary structures where durability is not critical.

The wood is lightweight with an average dried weight of 415 kg/m³ and specific gravity of 0.35. Janka hardness is quite low at 400 lbf. The pale white to yellowish heartwood shows minimal color variation, with straight, uniform grain and fine to medium texture.

Workshop Notes

Blunting Effect

Low - minimal impact on cutting edges

Gluing

Good gluing properties with most adhesives

Finishing

Accepts finishes well, though resinous areas may require sealing

Steam Bending

Poor - low strength makes steam bending impractical

Scent

Pleasant, characteristic balsamic fragrance when worked

Assessment

Strengths

  • Lightweight
  • Easy to work
  • Good availability
  • Pleasant scent

Weaknesses

  • Low durability
  • Weak strength
  • Prone to warping
  • Not suitable for outdoor use

Common Uses

Construction lumber · Plywood · Pulpwood · Christmas trees · Light framing