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Red Oak

Quercus rubra

Also known as: Northern Red Oak, Eastern Red Oak, American Red Oak

Technical Spec Sheet

2026-07-14

Red Oak wood grain

Reference grain swatch

Janka Hardness
1,290 lbf (5,738 N)
Avg. Dried Weight
705 kg/m³ (44 lb/ft³)
Specific Gravity
0.63
Type
Hardwood
Grain
Usually straight, occasionally irregular
Texture
Coarse
Durability
Non-durable, susceptible to decay and insect attack
Region
North America
Sustainability
Sustainable — Abundant and sustainably managed in North America

Overview

Red Oak is one of the most abundant and commercially important hardwoods in North America, widely used for furniture, flooring, and interior woodworking. Its strength, workability, and distinctive open grain pattern make it a workshop staple, though its coarse texture and poor weather resistance limit outdoor applications.

The heartwood displays pinkish to reddish-brown tones with prominent open pores and rays creating a distinctive grain pattern. With a density of approximately 705 kg/m³ and Janka hardness of 1,290 lbf, it offers good strength while remaining workable. The coarse texture is characteristic of the red oak group.

Workshop Notes

Blunting Effect

Moderate - contains tannic acid that can be corrosive to tools over time

Gluing

Good gluing properties with most adhesives

Finishing

Requires grain filler for smooth finish - absorbs stains well but can be blotchy without conditioner

Steam Bending

Excellent steam bending characteristics, among the best of North American hardwoods

Scent

Mild, slightly acidic odor when worked, can be unpleasant to some

Assessment

Strengths

  • Excellent bending properties
  • Strong and hard
  • Abundant and affordable
  • Good shock resistance

Weaknesses

  • Coarse texture requires grain filling
  • Poor weather resistance
  • Not suitable for outdoor use
  • Can have tear-out during planing

Common Uses

Furniture · Flooring · Cabinetry · Interior trim · Veneer · Barrels and cooperage