White Oak
Quercus alba
Also known as: American White Oak, Stave Oak
White Oak is one of North America's most valuable hardwoods, prized for its water resistance and durability. The presence of tyloses in its cells makes it uniquely suitable for barrels and boatbuilding. Its beautiful ray figure and strength have made it essential for furniture and flooring for centuries.
Botanical Profile
Quercus alba is a large deciduous tree native to eastern North America, typically reaching 20-30 meters in height. It produces acorns and has lobed leaves with rounded tips. The tree grows slowly and can live for 200-300 years. It is one of the most important commercial oak species in North America.
Physical Properties
The heartwood is light to medium brown with pale tan sapwood. It has a medium to coarse texture with straight grain and prominent ray figure. Dried weight averages 755 kg/m³ with a Janka hardness of 1,360 lbf. Tyloses in the vessels make the wood impermeable to liquids.
Workshop Notes
Blunting Effect
Moderate - hard wood
Gluing Advice
Good with proper surface preparation
Finishing
Takes stain and finish well; can react with water-based finishes
Steam Bending
Good steam bending characteristics
Historical Context
White Oak has been essential to American woodworking since colonial times. Its water resistance made it ideal for shipbuilding and barrels. Today it remains the species for whiskey and wine barrels, boatbuilding, and premium flooring. The wood was used for the USS Constitution.
Technical Specs
Light to medium brown heartwood with pale tan sapwood
Sustainable, abundant in eastern North American forests